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摘要:
美國現(xiàn)代著名小說家海明威曾經(jīng)說過：“人生本來就是為了被打敗的。人能被毀滅，但是不能被打敗。”正是這種人生態(tài)度賦予了他筆下的桑提亞哥——勇敢、自信、自尊，永不屈服的性格特征。筆者從此角度出發(fā)，探索了“壓力下的風(fēng)度”這一主題以及給人們帶來的啟示。
Abstract:中國論文聯(lián)盟整理。
Hemingway,afamousnovelistofAmerica,oncesaid＂Manisnotmadefordefeat.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.＂Santiagoisendowedwiththisoptimisticattitudetowardslife-courage,confidence,dignityandnevergivingup.Thisessayalsodealswiththeproblemof＂graceunderpressure＂anditsrevelationtopeople.
Keywords:nevergivingup;confidence;graceunderpressure
I．Thethreelayersofpressure
ThesuccessofTheoldmanandthesealiesmostinitsperfectdisplay--thegraceunderpressure．whichisaveryimportantqualityofSantiago．Thequalityiscomposedoftwodements：pressureandgrace．Pressureisthepremise，onlyunderpressurecanone‘sgracefuldemeanordisplay．
Atthebeginningofthenovel，SantiagohadgoneEighty··fourdayswithoutcatchingafishandhadbe··comethelaughingstockofhissmallvillage．Thisisanaffronttoamasterfulfisherman，anditformsthefirstlayerofpressure；Asthestorybegins，ayoungboy，Manolin，stayedwiththeoldman，butafterthefortiethlucklessday，theboy，sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat，leavingtheskiffofwhichthesailwaspatchedwithfoursacksandfurledliketheflagofpermanentdefeat．Whentheboylefttheoldmanandfishedwithanother，theycaughtthreegoodfishesinthefirstweek．Theboysgoodluckformedobviouscontrastwiththeoldmangillluck．Ifthishappenedtoanotherboy，itwa（中國論文聯(lián)盟整理）scoincidental，butithappenedtotheboywhohadgotnothingwiththeoldmanforfortydaysandexactlywhenhelefttheoldmanforoneweek．Thismadeotherfishermenbelievedthattheoldmanwasreallyunluckyenough!Thisisthesecondlayerofpressure；WhentheoldmanhookedthebiggestmarlinneverseenintheGulfStream，hewasalone，withoutthebenefitofmodemtechnology．Heenduredalongandgruelingstrugglewiththemarlinandfeltlonelyandhelpless．Thisisthethirdlayerofpressure．
II．Santiagograceunderthethreelayersofpressure
1．Graceunderthefirstlayerofpressure
Asthenovelbegins，wefindSantiagodefinitelyandfinallyfailed，however，hekeptself-composedandhadconfidenceinhisdignity．Soevenhavinggotnothinginthefirst84days，hecontinuedtogoouttofish．
Santiago％commitmenttosailingoutfurtherthananyfishermanhadbeforetestifiedhisconfidencetothedepth．Italsoshowedhisconfidencetochangehisbadluck，becauseheclearlyknewwhathewasbornfor．Yes，hewasbornfortheconqueringofthesea．Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated．Weallknowthateyesarethewindowsofone7ssou1．Itmeanstheoldman''''sheartorsoulisinconvincible．Inordertoprotecthisdignity，hefinallysummarizedthefamousmotto“Manisnotmadefordefeat．Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated”．
Thisisobviouslythedeclarationtothedifficuhiesandadversities．Howspiritedandvaliantthepledge!Itencourageshumantofightfordignity
2．Graceunderthesecondlayerofpressure
Theoldmanwasinhisadversityandtheboyhadgotgoodfishesafterhelefttheoldman．Santiagodidn’tfeeljealousbuthappyforhim．Whentalkingwiththeboywhowasnotwillingtoleave，theoldmansaid．“Iknowyoudidnotleavemebecauseyoudoub．ted’’?andhefeltitwasquitenorma1．thoughhewouldbelonelywithouttheboy．Whentheboyaskedifhecouldoffertheoldmanabeerontheterraceandthentookthestuffhome，theoldmansaid，“whynot，betweenfishermen
3．AUthesedetailsshowthatSantiagowasreasonable，sensible，kindwithopenmind．
Theoldman，sgraceliesinhisgenderfeeling．1et§takealookathowtheoldmanwoketheboy：hetookholdofonefootgentlyandheldituntiltheboywokeup．Whentheboywasstillsleepy，theoldmanputhisarmacrosshisshouldersandsaid“Iamsorry”．JustlikeLuXansaid，heartlessnessdoesntmakethehero，pityforchildrenmakesmoretheman．
Withconfidentattitudetowardslife，theoldmantookthingsphilosophically．Infacthehopedtheboycouldcomebacktohimandheneededtheboy，butwhentheboywantedtobeback，theoldmanrefusedbecauseitwastheboy，sparentswhomadehimleaveandhecouldnotmaketheboyawkwardandunluckywithhim．
3．GraceunderthethirdlayerofpressureWhenfightingwiththemarlin，hewasdriventhroughthetwooppositeforcesbetweencertaintyanduncertainty．SometimesSantiag（中國論文聯(lián)盟整理）ofeltlonelyandhelpless，butheconqueredallofthemultimately，whichwasbestpresentedinhislongmonologueandrecallaboutarln．wrestlingcontest．suchas“1wishIhadtheboytohelpmeandtoseethis”，“1wishtheboywerehere”and“1wishIhadtheboy"[39]．
Hismenti0n0ftheboyseveraltimesprovedthathewantedtoover．whelmlonelinessandenhancedcourageandforcetofight．
Santiagorecalledthearm—wrestlingepisodetogivehimmoreconfidence．Therecallwouldallowhimtoforgetaconnectionwiththemarlinthatwentbeyondtheliterallinkoftheline：hisbodilyachesattestedtothefactthatheiswellmatched．thatthefishisawor．thyopponent．Asayoungman，Santiagoenjoyedsingle-mindedcompetitivecontests，asanoldmanhecontinuedtoenjoythem．
III．Conclusion
TheoldmanconveysusthatwehumanbEingsshouldkeepgracefulevenunderfiercepressure，shouldfacethefailuresbravely，andkeepthespiritofunyieldingintegrity．Thesearethequalitieswithwhichweshouldbeequipped，justasthemottooftheoldman“Manisnotmadefordefeat．Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated．’’
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